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РЖ ВИНИТИ 15 (BI44) 96.08-04П1.287

Jenssen, Tor.
Methodological problems in evaluation of social reforms - exemplified by deinstitutionalization of the mentally retarded in Norway [Text] / Tor Jenssen // Psychol. Rec. - 1995. - Vol. 45, N 4. - P535-563 . - ISSN 0033-2933
Перевод заглавия: Методологические проблемы в оценке социальных реформ, рассмотренные на примере отмены прежней системы социальной поддержки лиц с умственной отсталостью в Норвегии
Аннотация: In Norway, the legislature enacted a deinstitutionalization reform for the mentally retarded, based on "the Normalization Principle", in 1988. The administrative responsibility for services was decentralized from county authorities to the boroughs by 1991, and the institutional system will be closed by 1996. Evaluation of social reforms has inherent methodological problems: (1) How to measure psychological concepts, for example, "quality of life" in subjects with inadequate language? Can one rely on interviews, that is, verbal reports from clients - or staff concerning their clients, in assessing quality of life? (2) What to evaluate, that is, what constitutes the reform (the independent variables)? Dependent variables should be at the individual level. (3) How to evaluate? A combination of formative and summative evaluation with direct and/or indirect measures in a quasiexperimental pre-post design seems necessary. Which threats to validity must be addressed? There are changes in baseline over time, that is, the level of retardation changes in the institutionalized population. Also, the mentally retarded seem especially susceptible to demand characteristics. Low control over, interventions give pragmatic, non-ideal solutions, but nevertheless, it has been possible to show some effects. In this case, reduced adaptive skills, maintained maladaptive behavior, and a striking noncorrelation between staff interview data and the corresponding observationsof client behaviors. Норвегия, Dep. of Psychology, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1094 Blindern, N-0317 OSLO. Библ. 103

ГРНТИ	15.81.61

ВИНИТИ 151.81.61.11 + 151.21.69.05
Рубрики: ПАТОПСИХОЛОГИЯ
УМСТВЕННАЯ ОТСТАЛОСТЬ
СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ РЕФОРМЫ
СПОСОБНОСТЬ ПОНИМАТЬ ОПРОСНИКИ
ДОСТУПНОСТЬ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ТЕРМИНОВ
ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ
ОБЗОРЫ
БИБЛ. 103
ЧЕЛОВЕК

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