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РЖ ВИНИТИ 15 (BI44) 97.04-04П1.190

Mlicki, Pawel P.
Being different or being better? National stereotypes and identifications of Polish and Dutch students [Text] / Pawel P. Mlicki, Naomi Ellemers // Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. - 1996. - Vol. 26, N 1. - P97-114 . - ISSN 0046-2772
Перевод заглавия: Будучи другими или будучи лучше? Национальные стереотипы и идентификация у польских и голландских студентов
Аннотация: This paper investigates two theoretical statements that are central to Social Identity Theory and Self-Categorization Theory: (1) when people identify as members of a social group, they are motivated to distinguish this group in a positive sense from relevant comparison groups, and: (2) in an hierarchically organized system of possible social identities, people may define their identity at various levels, but two levels cannot be salient in the same situation. Four studies investigate whether these hypothesized processes can be traced in natural social categories. Study 1 (N=150) found that Polish subjects had a more negative national stereotype than Dutch subjects. Study 2 (N=160) investigated whether these national stereotypes were related to the perceived distinctiveness of national traits, and to differential levels of national and European identification for Polish and Dutch subjects. Contrary to the expectations, it was found that Polish subjects identified more strongly with their national group than Dutch subjects. Both positive and negative national traits were considered more distinctive by Polish subjects than by Dutch subjects. Moreover, Polish subjects expressed a stronger European identity than Dutch subjects. Study 3 (N=161) replicated the findings of Study 2 under more controlled conditions. The Polish national stereotype was found to be largely based on negatively evaluated traits, and Polish subjects were more motivated to accentuate the distinctiveness of their national traits than Dutch subjects. Again, Polish subjects displayed stronger national and European identities. Furthermore, no support was found for the expectation that Polish subjects would employ some self-protective strategy when such an opportunity was offered in this study. Similarly, in Study 4 (N=40) we found no evidence that Polish subjects utilized an alternative self-protective mechanism, namely `group-serving' attributions, by means of which negative national traits could be ascribed to external circumstances. The results of these four studies are discussed in relation to Social Identity Theory, Self-Categorization Theory and political/historical developments in Europe. Нидерланды, Dep. of Sociology, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht. Библ. 30

ГРНТИ	15.41.61

ВИНИТИ 151.41.61
Рубрики: СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ
ЭТНОПСИХОЛОГИЯ
НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ СТЕРЕОТИПЫ
НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ
СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПЕРЦЕПЦИЯ
ОТНОШЕНИЯ МЕЖДУ НАЦИЯМИ
ТЕОРИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ
ТЕОРИЯ САМОКАТЕГОРИЗАЦИИ
ЧЕЛОВЕК

Доп.точки доступа:
Ellemers, Naomi

РЖ ВИНИТИ 15 (BI44) 97.07-04П1.219

Volger, Helmut.
Nationalism and the protection of minorities - group-dynamic considerations concerning the problems of their integration [Text] / Helmut Volger // Dyn. Psychiatr. - 1996. - Vol. 29, N 1-2. - P116-123 . - ISSN 0012-740X
Перевод заглавия: Национализм и защита меньшинств - проблемы их интеграции с точки зрения групповой динамики
Аннотация: After the collapse of the bipolar system with its two superpowers USA and USSR, the world community of states is now confronted - particularly in Eastern Europe - with the growing tendency in many multi-ethnic states towards political and cultural autonomy, accompanied by secession and disintegration. A number of ethnic conflicts had been suppressed by the former political system and led to mere adaptation without inner involvement. From the standpoint of group dynamics the ongoing processes can be interpreted as problems of groups without competent leaders and without defined group boundaries. The author suggests a number of measures such as integration of these states into larger group contexts (European Union), protection of minorities supplemented by the UN, redefinition of values in new constitutions and strengthening of the network of grass-root movements within the states and within non-governmental international organisations in different fields. Библ. 6

ГРНТИ	15.41.61

ВИНИТИ 151.41.61
Рубрики: СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ
ЭТНОПСИХОЛОГИЯ
НАЦИОНАЛИЗМ
ОТНОШЕНИЯ МЕЖДУ НАЦИЯМИ
КОНФЛИКТЫ
ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ
ГРУППОВАЯ ДИНАМИКА
ЧЕЛОВЕК

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