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РЖ ВИНИТИ 76 (BI40) 96.01-04М7.274

Muhar, F.
Stimm-MiSSbrauch und Husten [Text] : [Pap.] Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lunge-Umwelt-Arbeitsmedizin Osterr. Ges. Lungenerkrank. und Tuberkulose gemeinsam Osterr. Ges. Arbeitsmed., Linz, 4-5. Marz, 1994 / F. Muhar // Atemwegs-und Lungenkrankh. - 1995. - Vol. 21, Suppl. n 1. - S21-S26 . - ISSN 0341-3055
Перевод заглавия: Злоупотребление голосом и кашель
Аннотация: A chronic cough may be caused by the abuse of voice. Complaints: In mild cases the complaints may be similar to those of functional dysphonia. If the patient suffers simultaneously from phonatory ventilation, depending on severity he may have additional complaints such as difficulty in concentration, feeling tired easily, disturbed sleep and the whole range of complaints as in vegetative dystonia. Affected persons: Voice disorders are found in persons who use dental prostheses, those who talk loudly or are compelled to do so in their profession, and persons who speak softly but in a tense voice and who, in an aggressive undertone, compress too many words into a single breath. Children who try to assert themselves by sheer volume of voice (in kindergarden, for instance) are also likely candidates. We describe the symptoms and suggest exercises for improvement of voice disorders, for example lip movements, tongue movements, position of jaw, chewing approach, humming and yawning. In order to save energy and for aesthetic reasons, the supplementing of breath during speaking and singing should be swift, effortless and silent. One should not gasp for breath but focus on expressing one's thoughts naturally. This can be achieved if speaking and singing are regarded as modes of expression and are accompanied by total mental and spiritual presence. An intentional and purposeful attitude is required. Intention may be defined as receiving, processing and reacting to a certain sensation. Backed by intention, hearing becomes listening, seeing becomes watching, and touching becomes sensing. For instance when listening with intention, the tension of all muscles is raised, including those of the diaphragm. The mean respiratory level is higher but the individual remains in a comfortable state. The mean respiratory level is in a range of vital capacity in which inspiration and expiration are balanced. Inspiration involves more muscles than does expiration, hence every increase in tension is followed by the tendency to inhale. Phonation takes place in the phase of expiration. A diaphragm that has been activated by intention (purpose) always tends to inhale. Hence at the end of a phrase the diaphragm itself is eager to provide air. The impulse to inhale automatically is given by the elastic release of phonation pressure at the end of a phrase. This happens when the valve pressure is released correctly while pronouncing consonants and by ending the vowel with a swing at the end of a phrase. This means that the final syllables should not be swallowed and vowels should not be over-ventilated or pressed. Clusters of words should be arranged rhythmically to suit the lenght of one's breath. The length of phrases should be such that the individual always feels comfortable. One should not say too many words in a single breath, but pause in between. The phonation pressure is released at the end of a phrase but the psychologic tension that has been increased by intention remains high during the pauses and in fact in remains high throughout the phonation. Our conclusions are confirmed by the studies mentioned in the literature. Австрия, Hochschule fur Musik und darstellende Kunst in Wien Inst. fur Atem und Stimmerziehung - Bereich Atemphysiologie Penzingerstr.7 A-1140 Wien. Библ. 7

ГРНТИ	76.03.49

ВИНИТИ 761.03.49.37.21.13
Рубрики: ГОРТАНЬ
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